# Roman Coin Characterization Case Study > This case study presents a multi-technique, fully non-destructive characterization of two Roman coins from the reign of Julian II (361–363 CE): a gold solidus and a silver siliqua. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to evaluate internal structure, revealing dense, crack-free material in both coins, with minor inclusions in the gold and slight voiding in the […] Source: https://covalent.com/resource-library/roman-coin-characterization/ Updated: 2026-05-14T23:05:43+00:00 --- ![](https://spcdn.shortpixel.ai/spio/ret_img,q_cdnize,to_auto,s_webp:avif/covalent.com/wp-content/themes/covalent/assets/images/blog-default-banner.jpg) ![](https://spcdn.shortpixel.ai/spio/ret_img,q_cdnize,to_auto,s_webp:avif/covalent.com/wp-content/themes/covalent/assets/images/blog-mobile-banner.jpg) # Roman Coin Characterization Case Study ![Roman Coin Characterization Case Study](https://spcdn.shortpixel.ai/spio/ret_img,q_cdnize,to_auto,s_webp:avif/covalent.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/roman-coin-authentication-case-study.png) May 04, 2026 This case study presents a multi-technique, fully non-destructive characterization of two Roman coins from the reign of Julian II (361–363 CE): a gold solidus and a silver siliqua. Micro-computed tomography ([micro-CT](https://covalent.com/techniques/morphology-structural-analysis/micro-x-ray-computed-tomography-micro-ct/)) was used to evaluate internal structure, revealing dense, crack-free material in both coins, with minor inclusions in the gold and slight voiding in the silver. High-resolution optical microscopy and patterned-light optical profilometry identified surface flow lines consistent with struck coinage, rather than casting. [Scanning electron microscopy](https://covalent.com/techniques/electron-microscopy/scanning-electron-microscopy-sem/) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) further confirmed elemental composition and revealed microscopic platinum-group inclusions (osmium/iridium) in the gold coin—features consistent with ancient refining methods. The silver coin exhibited expected sulfur- and oxygen-rich surface chemistry associated with natural aging and tarnish. Across all techniques, no evidence of modern manufacturing or casting was observed, supporting authenticity and traditional minting processes. Subscribe to Our Newsletter Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest updates, insights, and breakthroughs - delivered straight to your inbox.