Covalent

SNOM-Raman

SNOM‑Raman uses near‑field excitation to map nanoscale stress and chemistry with 100 nm spatial resolution.

What Is SNOM-Raman?

SNOM‑Raman (Scanning Near‑field Optical Microscopy combined with Raman Spectroscopy) focuses a laser into a 100 nm nanoscale aperture on a specially designed probe to generate near‑field light.

This light irradiates the nearby sample, enabling acquisition of Raman spectra with spatial resolution down to 100 nm—far beyond traditional Raman—making it ideal for mapping stress and chemical structure in semiconductors and ceramics at the nanoscale.

Other Details:

  • Enables nanoscale chemical imaging of complex surfaces.
  • High-resolution mapping for microeletronics reliability.
  • Supports cross-sectional stress analysis in devices.
  • Compatible with multi-layered semiconductor structures.

Non‑Destructive and Correlative

AFM-guided near-field Raman maps co-registered with topography for richer interpretation.

Interface-Sensitive Insights

Resolves strain at patterned features and layer interfaces unseen by micro-Raman.

100 nm True Near-Field

Breaks the diffraction limit for nanoscale Raman maps of stress and chemistry.

Why Use SNOM-Raman?

  • Much higher spatial resolution than conventional Raman spectroscopy.
  • SNOM-Raman is a powerful technique when the spatial resolution of conventional micro-Raman spectroscopy, typically on the micrometer scale, is insufficient.
  • Common Applications: Evaluation of stress and chemical structure for semiconductors and ceramics sample.

Nanoscale Stress Quantification

Derives stress from Raman peak shifts with ~100 nm spatial sampling.

Cross‑Section Depth Mapping

Profiles stress vs. depth across multilayer stacks and device cross‑sections.

Semiconductor and Ceramic Optimized

Proven performance on Si/SiO₂ and advanced ceramics for reliability and process analysis.

How SNOW-Raman Works

Spatially resolve stress by measuring Raman peak shifts with 100 nm resolution. Scan semiconductor or ceramic solids, including cross‑sections, to build depth profiles. Hold the specimen flat and smooth; this ensures compatibility with the AFM probe and delivers results far more precise than conventional Raman methods.

Equipment Used for SNOW-Raman

Horiba AFM-Raman

  • Measurements are conducted using an original probe developed by Toray Research Center.
  • A 355 nm laser is available as an excitation source.
  • High spectral resolution (multi-grating, auto-switching) across wide Raman/PL ranges.
  • High spatial resolution: Nanoscale spectroscopic resolution (down to 10 nm) through Tip Enhanced Optical Spectroscopies (Raman and PhotoLuminescence).
  • Multi-mode SPM (AFM/cAFM/KPFM/STM), liquid cell and electrochemical environment, together with chemical mapping through TERS/TEPL. Full control of the 2 instruments through one workstation and a powerful software control, SPM and spectrometer can be operated simultaneously or independently.
Specifications

Key Differentiators

SNOM-Raman offers 100 nm spatial resolution for precise stress mapping, enabling non-destructive analysis of semiconductors and ceramics. It captures nanoscale strain and chemical structure details beyond conventional Raman limits.

Strengths

  • Stress measurement with a spatial resolution of 100 nm enabled by Toray Research Center (TRC)’s originally developed probe.
  • Stress evaluation of semiconductors and ceramic samples.
  • SNOM-Raman has 100 nm spatial resolution, being much higher than that of conventional Raman spectroscopy with a micrometer scale. This high spatial resolution enables stress evaluation in patterned some real semiconductor devices.

Limitations

  • Materials with vibrational modes of low Raman activity are not well suited to this technique.
  • This technique can be applied to materials exhibiting vibrational modes with high Raman activity, such as semiconductors and ceramics.

Example Outputs

The stress map on a patterned Si device, in which a silicon dioxide layer with a grid pattern is deposited on a Si wafer. As seen here, the SNOM-Raman map showed larger stress than conventional Raman owing to the improvement of spatial resolution, and donuts-shaped compressive stress to exposed Si appears, indicating local strain concentration at the Si-SiO2 interface.

Sample Requirements

We accept only solid samples that are ≤ 10 mm × 10 mm in planar size and no thicker than 10 mm. The sample surface must be flat and smooth to support stable AFM probe scanning without topographical artifacts or tip damage.

SNOM-raman Applications by Industry

Semiconductor

SNOM-Raman enables precise mapping of local stress in semiconductor devices with 100 nm resolution, revealing strain patterns in Si and SiO₂ layers that conventional Raman cannot detect, supporting reliability and failure analysis in microelectronics manufacturing.

Ceramic

This technique evaluates stress and chemical structure in advanced ceramics, providing nanoscale insights into microstructural features, defects, and strain distribution, critical for industries such as aerospace, electronics, and high-performance materials research.

Microstructure

SNOM-Raman maps stress in patterned or microfabricated surfaces, such as grids or complex device layouts, enabling engineers and researchers to identify local strain concentrations and optimize design, performance, and material integrity.

Multilayer Devices

By measuring cross-sectional samples, SNOM-Raman reveals depth-resolved stress and structural variations in multilayer semiconductor or ceramic devices, aiding in the development of next-generation electronics and layered material systems.

Chemical Mapping

SNOM-Raman pairs with conventional micro-Raman spectroscopy to provide both high spatial resolution and sensitive chemical detection, supporting research fields that require nanoscale chemical imaging alongside bulk material characterization.

Techniques That Complement SNOW-Raman

Conventional Micro‑Raman Spectroscopy
This technique delivers sensitive detection of chemical signatures over micrometer-scaleregions, making it ideal when sample Raman activity is low or when broader coverage is needed.
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Combining Raman with AFM or SNOM links high‑resolution stress or structural maps with chemical composition and topography, enhancing contrast and insight.
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Combining SNOM Raman with PIFM (photo-induced force microscopy) enables correlative mapping of Raman and IR active vibrational modes at the nanoscale, providing additional chemical and complementary insight information with ultrahigh spatial resolution.
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Why Choose Covalent for Your SNOM-Raman Needs?

Covalent provides non-destructive SNOM-Raman analysis with 100 nm resolution for nanoscale stress and chemical mapping. Built on AFM-Raman with 355 nm excitation, our approach delivers co-registered topography and Raman data for patterned semiconductors, ceramics, multilayer stacks, and device cross-sections.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical turnaround time for SNOM-Raman testing?

Please inquire for typical turnaround time, expect 2-4 weeks.

Can SNOM-Raman analyze curved or irregular surfaces?

Modestly curved or irregular surfaces may be measured, though steep slopes/roughness may limit near-field coupling and map quality.

Is SNOM-Raman compatible with coated or layered materials?

SNOM-Raman is well-suited for coated/layered materials and is especially sensitive to the topmost layers’ vibrational signatures. Cross-sections can be used to analyze all the layers in the stack.

What is the maximum sample size for testing?

10x10x10mm.

How does SNOM-Raman compare to electron microscopy?

SNOM-Raman provides chemical information while electron microscopy is limited to topographic or elemental information with EDS and EELS. EM can probe with higher spatial resolution down to sub-nanometer.